Conditional Sentences

Dalam bahasa inggris terdapat sebuah kalimat yang menyatakan sebuah pengandaian, harapan, dan bentuk gambaran dari lamunan seseorang dengan syarat tertentu. Kalimat tersebut biasa dikenal dengan Conditional Clause atau If Clause.

Kalimat pengandaian atau Conditional Clause biasanya dibentuk dengan 2 klausa utama. Klausa yang pertama adalah main clause dan klausa yang selanjutnya adalah if clause.

Macam-macam Conditional Sentence

Secara garis besar, conditional clause dibagi menjadi 3 jenis. Biasanya dikenal dengan Conditional type 1 (Possibility), Conditional type 2 (unreal present) , dan Conditional type 3 (past-unreal conditional).

1.      Conditional Sentences Type 1 (Possibility)

Pola: If + Subject + Simple present + Subject + Future tense Atau Subjek + Future tense, If + Subject + future tense

Conditional jenis yang pertama ini sering juga dikenal dengan probable condition. Maksudnya adalah sebuah kalimat yang mengandung sesuatu kegiatan yang mungkin akan terjadi dimasa yang akan datang, apabila syaratnya dipenuhi.
Contoh: Andrew akan menjadi orang pintar jika ia belajar dengan rajin.

Dari kalimat diatas dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa ada kemungkinan Andrew menjadi orang pintar dengan syarat ia harus belajar dengan rajin.

Contoh conditional sentence type 1:

If Anita comes, I will show her my new dress.

Jika Anita datang, saya akan menunjukan kepadanya gaun baruku.

If Mr. Satomoto arrive late, his boss will be angry with him

Jika bapak Satomoto datang terlambat, maka bosnya akan marah dengannya.

2. Conditional Sentences Type 2 (Unreal Present)

Pola: If + Subject + Simple past… + Subject + would + Verb1 Atau Subjek + would/might/could + Verb1…, If + Subject + Simple Past

Bentuk yang kedua ini merupakan sebuah kejadian yang bertentangan dengan fakta yang terjadi atau biasa dikenal dengan istilah improbable condition.
Contoh: Jika Mr. Joko menjadi Presiden, ia akan memberikan sekolah gratis kepada orang yang kurang mampu.

Faktanya adalah sangat bertolak belakang yaitu Mr. Joko belum menjadi seorang presiden sehingga ia tidak dapat memberikan sekolah gratis untuk orang yang kurang mampu.

Contoh Conditional Sentence Type 2:

If I were rich, I would give my money to my lovely mother.

Jika saya menjadi orang kaya, saya akan memberikan uang saya untuk ibu saya tercinta.

Tips: Pada conditional sentence tipe 2 ini kita dapat menghilangkan kata IF dengan menggunakan pola inverse.

Sebagai contoh adalah:

Were my father here, he would take care of us.

Seandainya ayahku disini, dia akan menjaga kita. (Meskipun faktanya si ayah tidak ada disini.)

Were I movie star, I would be very rich.

Jika saya adalah seorang bintang film terkenal, maka saya akan sangat kaya. (Meskipun pada kenyataannya ia bukanlah seorang bintang film dan ia tidak terkenal)

3. Conditional Sentences Type 3 (Past-Unreal Conditional)

Pola: If + Subject + Past perfect… + subject + would/could/might + have + past participle (V3) Atau Subject + would/could/might + have + past participle (V3), If + Subject + Past perfect…

Conditional sentence type 3 adalah sebuah kalimat untuk mengandaikan sebuah kejadian yang bertentangan dimasa lampau dan tak ada harapan untuk dapat terjadi karena hanya bersifat lamunan/harapan dimasa lampau saja.
Contoh: Seandainya Budi mempunyai sebuah mobil mewah, dia pasti akan menjemput kekasihnya.

Fakta dari kalimat diatas adalah Budi tidak mempunyai sebuah mobil mewah dan ia tidak menjemput kekasihnya.

Contoh conditional sentence type 3:

If I had known his number, I would have called him.

Seandainya saya tahu nomor teleponnya, saya akan meneleponnya. (Namun pada kenyataannya ia tidak memiliki nomornya dan ia-pun tidak bisa meneleponnya)

Hampir sama pada conditional type 2, pada type 3 juga kita dapat menghilangkan penggunaan IF dengan menggunakan pola sebagai berikut:

Had + subject + past participle + Subject + would + have + Past participle (V3)

Sebagai contoh:

Had I gone to the wedding, I would have met my beautiful lady.

Seandainya saya pergi ke pesta pernikahan itu, maka saya akan bertemu dengan seorang gadis cantik. (Meskipun pada kenyataanya dia tidak pergi ke pesta pernikahan dan ia-pun tidak bertemu dengannya).

Contoh Soal Conditional Sentences

1.      I will visit your hometown…………..

a.      If I come to Indonesia.

b.      If I came to Indonesia

c.       If I will come to indonesia

d.      If I would come to Indonesia

2.      If I had had free time    …………..

a.       I will watch the movie together with my friend.

b.      I would watch the movie together with my friend.

c.       I would have watched the movie together with my friends.

d.      I would have been watching the movie together with my friends.

3.      What is the fact of the previous sentence? (question no. 2)

a.       I didn’t have free time. Therefore, I didn’t watch the movie together with my friend.

b.      I don’t have free time. Therefore. I don’t watch the movie together with my friend.

c.       I was not having free time. Therefore, I was not watching the movie together with my friend.

d.      I am not having free time. Therefore. I am not watching the movie together with my friend.

4.      If I were you, …………..

a.       I will buy that limited edition camera.

b.      I would buy that limited edition camera.

c.       I would have bought that limited edition camera.

d.      I would have been buying that limited edition camera.

5.      What is the fact of the previous question? (question no.4)

a.       I am not you

b.      I were not you.

c.       I was not you

d.      I have not been you.

6.      My father would buy me a new motorcycle    …………..

a.       If I passed the state university entrance test.

b.      If I pass the state university entrance test.

c.       If I have passed the state university entrance test.

d.      If I am passing the state university entrance test.

7.      What is the fact of the previous sentence? (question no.6)

a.       I don’t pass the state university entrance test.

b.      I didn’t pass the state university entrance test.

c.       I wasn’t passing the state university entrance test.

d.      I am not passing the state university entrance test.

8.      If I had gone with my parents five hours ago to our villa,……….

a.       I would not be alone right now.

b.      I will not be alone right now.

c.       I am not alone right now

d.      I was not alone right now.

9.      What is the fact of question no. 8?

a.       I do not go with my parents five hours ago, so 1 am alone right now.

b.      I did not go with my parents five hours ago, so I am alone right now.

c.       I was not going with my parents five hours ago, so I am alone right now.

d.      I am not going with my parents five hours ago, so I am alone right now.

10.  If Maria had obeyed her mother’s advice to accept the scholarship,…………..

a.       She would have graduated from famous university.

b.      She will graduate from famous university.

c.       She graduates from famous university.

d.      She graduated from famous university.

11.  If you … harder, you would … the exam.

a.       Studied – Passed.

b.      Study – Passed.

c.       Studied – Pass.

d.      Study – Pass.

12.  If my father … me a new car, I would … happy.

a.       Bought – Be.

b.      Bought – Been.

c.       Buy – Been.

d.      Buys – Being.

13.  If we … good, the coach would … us.

a.       Was – Chose.

b.      Were – Chosen.

c.       Was – Choose.

d.      Were – Choose.

14.  I would go and see her if I … you.

a.       Was.

b.      Were.

c.       Been.

d.      Being.

15.  If he … lots of chocolate, he would … bad teeth.

a.       Eat – Had.

b.      Ate – Had.

c.       Ate – Have.

d.      Eaten – Have.

16.  My boss would … very pleased if I finished the job.

a.       Be.

b.      Been.

c.       Was.

d.      Were.

17.  If the player scores another goal, the result ____ a draw.

a.       is to be

b.      will have been

c.       will be

d.      would be

18.  If you ___ I shall be very angry.

a.       weren't going

b.      don't go

c.       hadn't been going

d.      haven't been going

19.  _____, I might borrow it from him.

a.       Were the novel his

b.      The novel were his

c.       If his the novel

d.      If the novel his

20.  "What would you do if you were a millionaire?
"_____ a trip around the world."

a.       I will take

b.      I would have taken

c.       I would take

d.      Me took

21.  "It would have been failure if _____."

a.       The way-out was being found in time.

b.      The way-out hasn't been found in time

c.       The way-out would be found in time

d.      The way -out hadn't been found in time

22.  If we go to the top, we will have a nice view of Jakarta.
This sentence means _____

a.       we have already seen Jakarta from the top

b.      we are now looking and having a nice of Jakarta

c.       there is a possibility of seeing Jakarta from the top

d.      there isn't any possibility of seeing Jakarta from top

23.  "If I had come to music festival, I would have met Raisya there."
This sentence means ____ .

a.       I didn't come to the music festival but Raisya there

b.      I had come to music festival in order to meet Raisya there

c.       I didn't come to music festival so I didn't meet Raisya there

d.      I come to music festival but I didn't meet Raisya there

24.  He was at lost because he was not well informed.
It means : He wouldn't have been at lost _____

a.       If he has well informed

b.      If he were well informed

c.       If he was not well informed

d.      If he had been well informed

25.  I am not a mechanic, so I can't fix it.
The sentence means _____ .

a.       If I could be a mechanic, I had fixed it

b.      If I have been a mechanic, I would have fixed it

c.       If I were a mechanic, I could fix it

d.      If I am a mechanic, I could fix it.

Source:
http://www.ahzaa.net/2015/11/contoh-soal-dan-pembahasan-bentuk.html
http://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/contoh-latihan-soal-conditional-sentence-dan-kunci-jawabannya/
http://www.belajardasarbahasainggris.com/2015/10/13/contoh-conditional-sentence-bahasa-inggris-dan-penjelasan/